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Host-parasite dynamics in Chagas disease from systemic to hyper-local scales

Damián Pérez-Mazliah1, Alexander I Ward2, Michael D Lewis2

  • 1York Biomedical Research Institute, Hull York Medical School, University of York, York, UK.

Parasite Immunology
|August 18, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Trypanosoma cruzi causes Chagas disease, affecting the heart and gut. This review integrates parasite dynamics and host immune responses during chronic infection to understand disease progression.

Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Trypanosoma cruzi is a versatile parasite causing Chagas disease in the Americas.
  • Chagas disease manifests as chronic conditions, often asymptomatic, affecting the heart and gastrointestinal tract.
  • Host-parasite interactions over time and across tissues are key determinants of clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and integrate recent findings on the spatial and temporal dynamics of Trypanosoma cruzi infections.
  • To connect these dynamics with established and emerging concepts of host immune responses.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of chronic Chagas disease pathogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on T. cruzi infection dynamics.
  • Integration of immunological data across different infection phases and tissue environments.
  • Synthesis of spatial and temporal aspects of host-parasite interactions.

Main Results:

  • T. cruzi exhibits diverse infection patterns in various host cells and mammal species.
  • Host immune responses vary significantly depending on infection phase and tissue location.
  • Long-term asymptomatic carriage is common, highlighting complex host-parasite balance.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between T. cruzi dynamics and host immunity is crucial for Chagas disease management.
  • Further research integrating spatial, temporal, and immunological factors is needed.
  • This review provides a framework for future studies on Chagas disease pathogenesis and treatment.

Keywords:
Chagas diseasecell mediated immunityhumoral immunityin vivo imaginginnate immunitytrypanosomes

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