Efficient Fullerene-Free Organic Solar Cells Using a Coumarin-Based Wide-Band-Gap Donor Material

In recent years, tremendous growth has been seen for solution-processed bulk heterojunction solar cells (BHJSCs) using fullerene-free molecular acceptors. Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization of a coumarin-based organic semiconducting molecule C1, and its use in BHJSCs as an electron donor. The compound exhibited an absorption band at 472 nm in chloroform solution with an optical energy gap of 2.33 eV. The HOMO/LUMO energy levels of C1 were found to be ideal for use in BHJSCs. Using PC₇₁BM and a fullerene-free acceptor IT-4F, the device generated power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of 6.17 and 8.31%, respectively. The success of the device based on a fullerene-free acceptor is a result of complementary absorption and well-matched energy levels, resulting in an improved photocurrent and photovoltage in the device. Moreover, ternary solar cells fabricated by employing C1 (20 wt%) as a secondary donor, i.e., an active layer of C1:PM6:IT-4F (0.2:0.8:1.5), generated an enhanced PCE of 11.56% with a high short-circuit current density (J_SC) of 16.42 mA cm^-2, an open-circuit voltage (V_OC) of 1.02 V, and a fill factor of 0.69 under 1 sun spectral illumination, which is ∼8% higher than that for the PM6:IT-4F-based binary device (PCE = 10.70%). The increased PCE for the ternary organic solar cell may be related to the efficient exciton generation and its dissociation via Forster resonance energy transfer, which guarantees enough time for an exciton to diffuse toward the D/A interfaces.