Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

227
Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
227
Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

Carbon-dioxide Fixation

475
Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
475
The Sulfur Cycle01:22

The Sulfur Cycle

51.4K
Sulfur, an important element in the chemical makeup of proteins, is recycled through the atmosphere and aquatic and terrestrial environments. Found in the atmosphere as sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur is released by decaying organisms, weathered rocks, geothermal vents, volcanos, and burning fossil fuels. It is deposited into the ecosystem, cycled through the biotic community, and either released back into the atmosphere as gas or deposited in marine sediment for long-term storage and eventual...
51.4K
Other Stress Responses in Bacteria01:30

Other Stress Responses in Bacteria

248
Bacteria have global regulatory systems that control several types of stress mechanisms. These include Pho regulon and the heat shock response, which are essential systems for environmental adaptation, such as nutrient limitation and proteotoxic stress. The Pho regulon and the heat shock response exemplify bacterial resilience, enabling rapid adaptation to fluctuating environmental conditions.Pho RegulonBacteria require phosphorus for essential cellular processes, including nucleic acid...
248
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

36.9K
Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
36.9K
Stress Response System01:21

Stress Response System

531
The stress response system, also known as the fight-or-flight response, is the body's automatic physiological reaction to perceived threats. Hans Selye introduced the concept of General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS) to describe the predictable pattern of changes that occur in response to stress. GAS consists of three sequential stages: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion. This model helps explain how chronic stress can contribute to health problems.
Alarm stage
In the alarm stage, the body's...
531

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cystine C-S bond cleavage fuels cysteine production under disulfide reductase deficiency.

Nature chemical biology·2026
Same author

Primary bovine embryonic fibroblasts demonstrate variable fitness following infection with highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 strains and are susceptible to a recently circulating human 2009 pandemic lineage H1N1 strain.

Microbiology spectrum·2026
Same author

Primary bovine embryonic fibroblasts support seasonal influenza A virus infection and demonstrate variable fitness of HPAI H5N1.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Realigned transsulfuration drives BRAF-V600E-targeted therapy resistance in melanoma.

Cell metabolism·2025
Same author

Unresolved questions regarding cellular cysteine sources and their possible relationships to ferroptosis.

Advances in cancer research·2024
Same author

TRP14 is the rate-limiting enzyme for intracellular cystine reduction and regulates proteome cysteinylation.

The EMBO journal·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry
12:07

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 24, 2012

16.6K

Sulfur Metabolism Under Stress.

Colin G Miller1, Edward E Schmidt1

  • 1Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA.

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This review explores how sulfur-containing molecules help cells manage stress through redox homeostasis. Sulfur atoms from amino acids like cysteine and methionine are vital for antioxidant systems. Stress conditions increase the need for sulfur and energy to maintain balance. The study highlights gaps in understanding sulfur metabolism under stress. These findings suggest that better knowledge of sulfur chemistry could improve treatments for stress-related conditions.

Keywords:
disulfide reductase systemsdrug metabolismmethionine cycleoxidative stresstrans-sulfurationcellular stress responsesantioxidant defense systemsamino acid metabolismredox biology

Frequently Asked Questions

More Related Videos

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

14.7K
Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation
07:16

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Published on: June 21, 2021

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry
12:07

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 24, 2012

16.6K
Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans
10:36

Measurements of Physiological Stress Responses in C. Elegans

Published on: May 21, 2020

14.7K
Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation
07:16

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation

Published on: June 21, 2021

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Redox biology within metabolic medicine
  • Amino acid metabolism in cellular stress responses

Background:

Stable redox states are essential for normal cellular function. Disruptions in redox balance have been linked to various diseases. Therapeutic strategies often involve manipulating oxidant levels or influencing redox systems. Sulfur atoms from cysteine and methionine play a central role in these systems. Recent research has expanded knowledge of sulfur-containing molecules in biology. However, gaps remain in understanding how sulfur metabolism supports redox homeostasis. Stress conditions can deplete energy and sulfur resources. Understanding these pathways may help in designing protective strategies.

Purpose Of The Study:

This work aims to assess the current understanding of sulfur metabolism under stress. The focus is on how sulfur-containing molecules contribute to redox homeostasis. The study explores the energy and nutrient demands of antioxidant systems. It seeks to clarify how sulfur chemistry supports cellular resilience. The goal is to identify areas where further research is needed. The authors highlight the potential for new therapeutic approaches. They aim to synthesize findings from recent studies. This analysis could guide future investigations into sulfur metabolism.

Main Methods:

The authors conducted a review of recent literature on sulfur metabolism. They focused on how different stressors affect sulfur-containing molecules. The study examined the roles of cysteine and methionine in redox systems. They analyzed how sulfur metabolism interacts with energy production. The review included studies on redox homeostasis under various stress conditions. The authors evaluated the metabolic costs of maintaining redox balance. They synthesized findings from multiple experimental models. The approach involved compiling and comparing results from diverse sources.

Main Results:

Sulfur metabolism is crucial for maintaining redox homeostasis. Stress conditions increase the demand for sulfur-containing nutrients. Cysteine and methionine are central to antioxidant defense systems. The study found that sulfur metabolism consumes significant energy. Redox systems rely on sulfur atoms for regulated reactivity. The analysis revealed gaps in understanding sulfur utilization under stress. Some stressors may alter sulfur metabolism in unpredictable ways. These findings suggest that more research is needed on sulfur dynamics.

Conclusions:

The authors propose that sulfur metabolism plays a key role in cellular stress responses. They suggest that further research is needed to clarify sulfur utilization. The study indicates that sulfur chemistry supports antioxidant defenses. The findings highlight the energy demands of redox systems. The authors note that stress conditions may alter sulfur metabolism. They propose that understanding these pathways could improve therapeutic strategies. The review suggests that sulfur metabolism remains an active area of investigation. These conclusions emphasize the need for continued research in this field.

Sulfur atoms from cysteine and methionine are essential for antioxidant defense systems.

Stress increases the demand for sulfur-containing nutrients and energy to maintain redox balance.

Cysteine provides sulfur atoms for regulated reactivity in antioxidant defense mechanisms.

Maintaining redox balance consumes significant energy and sulfur-containing nutrients.

Understanding sulfur metabolism could lead to better strategies for protecting cells from stress.

More research is needed to clarify how cells use sulfur chemistry under stress conditions.