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Implications of AB0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19
Celestino Sardu1,2, Raffaele Marfella3, Paolo Maggi4
1Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. drsarducele@gmail.com.
Insights
Hypertension and COVID-19 patients with non-0 blood groups show higher risks of blood clotting, cardiac injury, and death. Blood type significantly impacts the prognosis for hypertensive individuals infected with COVID-19.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Hematology
- Infectious Diseases
Background:
- Hypertension is a frequent comorbidity in COVID-19 patients.
- The role of blood groups in COVID-19 outcomes for hypertensive patients is under investigation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare clinical outcomes in hypertensive COVID-19 patients based on ABO blood group (0 vs. non-0).
- To evaluate inflammatory, thrombotic status, cardiac injury, and mortality differences between blood groups.
Main Methods:
- Prospective study comparing hypertensive COVID-19 patients with 0 vs. non-0 blood groups.
- Assessment of inflammatory markers, thrombotic status (including D-dimer, Von Willebrand factor, Factor VIII), cardiac injury, and death events.
Main Results:
- Non-0 blood group patients exhibited significantly higher activated pro-thrombin time, D-dimer, and thrombotic indexes.
- Higher rates of cardiac injury and death were observed in non-0 blood group patients compared to 0 blood group patients.
- Multivariate analysis identified non-0 blood group and Interleukin-6 as independent predictors of cardiac injury and death.
Conclusions:
- Non-0 blood group is associated with increased pro-thrombotic markers, cardiac injury, and mortality in hypertensive COVID-19 patients.
- ABO blood type significantly influences the prognosis of hypertensive patients with COVID-19 infection.
Background:
Hypertension is the most frequent co-morbidity in patients with covid-19 infection, and we might speculate that a specific blood group could play a key role in the clinical outcome of hypertensive patients with covid-19.
Methods:
In this prospective study, we compared 0 vs. non-0 blood group in hypertensive patients with covid-19 infection. In these patients, we evaluated inflammatory and thrombotic status, cardiac injury, and death events.
Results:
Patients in non-0 (n = 92) vs. 0 blood group (n = 72) had significantly different values of activated pro-thrombin time, D-dimer, and thrombotic indexes as Von Willebrand factor and Factor VIII (p < 0.05). Furthermore, patients in non-0 vs. 0 blood group had higher rate of cardiac injury (10 (13.9%) vs. 27 (29.3%)) and death, (6 (8.3%) vs. 18 (19.6%)), (p < 0.05). At the multivariate analysis, Interleukin-6 (1.118, CI 95% 1.067-1.171) and non-0 blood group (2.574, CI 95% 1.207-5.490) were independent predictors of cardiac injury in hypertensive patients with covid-19. D-dimer (1.082, CI 95% 1.027-1.140), Interleukin-6 (1.216, CI 95% 1.082-1.367) and non-0 blood group (3.706, CI 95% 1.223-11.235) were independent predictors of deaths events in hypertensive patients with covid-19.
Conclusions:
Taken together, our data indicate that non-0 covid-19 hypertensive patients have significantly higher values of pro-thrombotic indexes, as well as higher rate of cardiac injury and deaths compared to 0 patients. Moreover, AB0 blood type influences worse prognosis in hypertensive patients with covid-19 infection.
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