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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography

DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Imaging Studies VI: Voiding Cystourethrography and Cystography

Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Urinary Bladder

Urinary Bladder

The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
In males, the bladder is situated in front of the rectum, while in females, it is positioned anterior to the vagina and uterus. The bladder floor contains an inverted triangular area called the trigone, defined by the two ureteric...

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography

IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management

The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

Published on: August 14, 2019

Evaluation of the urinary bladder using three-dimensional CT cinematic rendering.

S P Rowe¹, A R Meyer², M A Gorin¹

¹The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging

|August 18, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Cinematic rendering (CR) offers photorealistic 3D visualizations from CT scans, aiding in the evaluation of urinary bladder conditions. This advanced imaging technique shows promise for diagnosing subtle abnormalities and planning procedures.

Keywords:

Cinematic rendering,Imaging Three-dimensional Tomography,Urinary bladder Volume rendering X-ray computed (CT).

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Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Ultrasonography of the Adult Male Urinary Tract for Urinary Functional Testing

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Published on: August 14, 2019

Author Spotlight: Developing a Bedside Protocol for Kidney and Genitourinary Ultrasonography

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Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Evaluation of Biomaterials for Bladder Augmentation using Cystometric Analyses in Various Rodent Models

Published on: August 9, 2012

Area of Science:

Radiology
Medical Imaging
Urology

Background:

Three-dimensional (3D) visualizations from computed tomography (CT) enhance the interpretation of two-dimensional (2D) reconstructions.
Cinematic rendering (CR) is an emerging 3D technique producing photorealistic images from standard CT data.

Purpose of the Study:

To illustrate the potential utility of CR in evaluating the urinary bladder and its associated pathologies.
To explore CR's application in displaying complex anatomical regions for education and preoperative planning.

Main Methods:

Utilized cinematic rendering (CR) on standard CT acquisitions.
Focused on applying CR to visualize urinary bladder anatomy and pathology.

Main Results:

CR can display subtle mucosal/luminal irregularities within the urinary bladder.
CR allows simultaneous visualization of soft tissue detail and tumor neovasculature.
CR improves the display of spatial relationships for pre-procedural planning.

Conclusions:

Cinematic rendering shows significant potential for evaluating urinary bladder conditions.
Further refinement of CR presets and prospective clinical evaluation are necessary for widespread adoption.