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Environmental conflicts and defenders: A global overview.

Arnim Scheidel¹, Daniela Del Bene¹, Juan Liu^1,2

¹Institut de Ciència i Tecnologia Ambientals (ICTA-UAB), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain.

Global Environmental Change : Human and Policy Dimensions

|August 18, 2020

Summary

Grassroots environmental defenders worldwide fight for sustainability, often facing violence and criminalization. Strategic mobilization, protest, and legal action can increase their success in halting destructive projects.

Keywords:

EJAtlas Environmental conflicts Environmental justice Environmentalism of the poor Statistical political ecology Sustainability

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Sociology
Political Science

Background:

Global policies increasingly recognize environmental defenders' crucial role in sustainability.
Effective support requires understanding environmental conflicts and successful mobilization factors.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze characteristics of environmental conflicts and defenders.
To identify successful mobilization strategies for environmental justice.

Main Methods:

Large-n analysis of 2743 cases from the global Environmental Justice Atlas.
Examination of defender characteristics, conflict types, and mobilization outcomes.

Main Results:

Bottom-up environmental mobilizations occur globally across income levels.
Defenders, often from vulnerable groups, primarily use non-violent protest.
Success in halting destructive projects achieved in 11% of cases, rising to 27% with combined strategies.
High rates of criminalization (20%), violence (18%), and assassinations (13%) documented, increasing for Indigenous defenders.

Conclusions:

Targeted actions are needed to support environmental defenders' successful mobilization.
Specific support is crucial for Indigenous environmental defenders due to heightened risks.