Dermatophytosis in companion animals: A review

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Dermatology
• Mycology
• Zoonotic Diseases

Background:

• Dermatophytosis is a common zoonotic fungal infection caused by genera like Microsporum, Trichophyton, and Epidermophyton.
• Clinical signs include alopecia, erythema, and crusting, often presenting as ringworm on the face, legs, or tail.
• Several factors influence infection, including fungal species, virulence, and host characteristics such as immune status, age, and sex.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and understand the factors affecting dermatophyte infections in companion animals.
• To emphasize the prevalence, clinical signs, and pathogenesis of dermatophytosis.
• To explore the roles of host immune response, cortisol, and cytokines in infection.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of dermatophytosis in companion animals.
• Analysis of factors influencing prevalence and pathogenesis.
• Examination of the role of host immunity, cortisol, and cytokines.

Main Results:

• Dermatophytosis is influenced by fungal species, virulence, and host factors (immune status, age, sex).
• Cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines are implicated in the pathogenesis of dermatophyte infections.
• Understanding these factors is crucial for managing ringworm in companion animals.

Conclusions:

• Dermatophytosis is a complex disease influenced by multiple host and pathogen factors.
• Immune status, hormonal balance (cortisol), and inflammatory responses significantly impact susceptibility and severity.
• Further research into these factors can improve prevention and treatment strategies for ringworm in companion animals.