A quantum liquid of magnetic octupoles on the pyrochlore lattice

Spin liquids are highly correlated yet disordered states formed by the entanglement of magnetic dipoles¹. Theories define such states using gauge fields and deconfined quasiparticle excitations that emerge from a local constraint governing the ground state of a frustrated magnet. For example, the '2-in-2-out' ice rule for dipole moments on a tetrahedron can lead to a quantum spin ice^2-4 in rare-earth pyrochlores. However, f-electron ions often carry multipole degrees of freedom of higher rank than dipoles, leading to intriguing behaviours and 'hidden' orders^5-6. Here we show that the correlated ground state of a Ce³⁺-based pyrochlore, Ce₂Sn₂O₇, is a quantum liquid of magnetic octupoles. Our neutron scattering results are consistent with a fluid-like state where degrees of freedom have a more complex magnetization density than that of magnetic dipoles. The nature and strength of the octupole-octupole couplings, together with the existence of a continuum of excitations attributed to spinons, provides further evidence for a quantum ice of octupoles governed by a '2-plus-2-minus' rule^7-8. Our work identifies Ce₂Sn₂O₇ as a unique example of frustrated multipoles forming a 'hidden' topological order, thus generalizing observations on quantum spin liquids to multipolar phases that can support novel types of emergent fields and excitations.