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Replication in Eukaryotes02:31

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In eukaryotic cells, DNA replication is highly conserved and tightly regulated. Multiple linear chromosomes must be duplicated with high fidelity before cell division, so there are many proteins that fulfill specialized roles in the replication process. Replication occurs in three phases: initiation, elongation, and termination, and ends with two complete sets of chromosomes in the nucleus.
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DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell's circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from the two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.
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DNA replication is initiated at sites containing predefined DNA sequences known as origins of replication. DNA is unwound at these sites by the minichromosome maintenance (MCM) helicase and other factors such as Cdc45 and the associated GINS complex.The unwound single strands are protected by replication protein A (RPA) until DNA polymerase starts synthesizing DNA at the 5’ end of the strand in the same direction as the replication fork. To prevent the replication fork from falling apart,...
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The Replisome03:01

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DNA replication is carried out by a large complex of proteins that act in a coordinated matter to achieve high-fidelity DNA replication. Together this complex is known as the DNA replication machinery or the replisome.
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Internal replication of computational workflows in scientific research.

Jade Benjamin-Chung1, John M Colford1, Andrew Mertens1

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Gates Open Research
|August 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Internal replication, where multiple analysts check research data before publication, enhances scientific accuracy and speeds up discoveries. This process minimizes errors and bias, improving the reliability of published research findings.

Keywords:
blindingcomputational workflowmaskingreplicationreproducibility

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific methodology
  • Research integrity
  • Data analysis best practices

Background:

  • Replication failures across disciplines highlight issues with published research.
  • External replication often occurs after findings influence policy, limiting timely error correction.
  • Improving pre-publication accuracy is crucial for scientific efficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the rationale and best practices for internal replication.
  • To demonstrate how internal replication reduces errors and bias in data analysis.
  • To advocate for internal replication as a means to accelerate scientific progress.

Main Methods:

  • Internal replication involves multiple independent data analysts re-analyzing research data.
  • Best practices include pre-specified hypotheses and analysis plans.
  • Masking data analysts to experimental group assignments is recommended.

Main Results:

  • Internal replication identifies and corrects errors and bias before publication.
  • This process increases the accuracy and reliability of scientific evidence.
  • It complements external replication efforts.

Conclusions:

  • Internal replication is a vital process for ensuring research integrity.
  • Coupling internal replication with pre-specified plans enhances its effectiveness.
  • Widespread adoption of internal replication will accelerate scientific advancement.