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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

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Published on: February 15, 2022

A lab-on-a-chip model of glaucoma.

Fatemeh Nafian¹, Babak Kamali Doust Azad², Shahin Yazdani^3,4

¹Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.

Brain and Behavior

|August 18, 2020

Summary

A novel glaucoma-on-a-chip model effectively simulates high intraocular pressure effects on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). The model demonstrates neuroprotective benefits of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a novel mimetic (RNYK) against pressure-induced RGC death.

Keywords:

glaucoma hydrostatic pressure lab-on-a-chip microenvironment retinal ganglion cell

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Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Full-Circle Cauterization of Limbal Vascular Plexus for Surgically Induced Glaucoma in Rodents

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Published on: February 15, 2022

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Published on: March 12, 2016

A Model of Glaucoma Induced by Circumlimbal Suture in Rats and Mice

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Published on: October 5, 2018

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience
Ophthalmology

Background:

Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible blindness.
Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary risk factor for glaucoma.
Retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) are crucial for vision and are vulnerable to pressure-induced damage.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and validate a glaucoma-on-a-chip model for studying RGC viability under elevated pressure.
To assess the neuroprotective potential of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and a novel BDNF mimetic (RNYK) in this model.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a three-layered poly-methyl methacrylate microfluidic chip with interconnecting channels and culture wells.
Purification and culture of rat RGCs, followed by exposure to normal (15 mmHg) or elevated (33 mmHg) pressure for up to 48 hours.
Co-culture with BDNF or RNYK to evaluate their neuroprotective effects on RGCs.

Main Results:

The chip successfully recapitulated pressure-induced RGC death over time.
RGC survival rates significantly decreased under elevated pressure compared to normal pressure.
Both BDNF and RNYK treatment approximately halved RGC death rates under both normal and elevated pressure conditions.

Conclusions:

The developed glaucoma-on-a-chip model provides a valuable platform for simulating glaucoma pathophysiology.
The study confirms the neuroprotective efficacy of BDNF and its mimetic RNYK against pressure-induced RGC damage.
This model holds promise for future drug screening and therapeutic development for glaucoma.