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Related Concept Videos

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Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
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Visual agnosia is a condition characterized by the inability to recognize visually presented objects despite having normal vision. For instance, a person with visual agnosia can describe the shape and color of an object but cannot identify or name it. This impairment does not affect their visual field, acuity, color vision, brightness discrimination, language, or memory. An example of this condition in a social setting is someone at a dinner party asking for "that silver thing with a round...
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
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Charles Darwin proposed that facial expressions are an evolutionary adaptation for communication. He argued that these expressions are not influenced by culture but are universal across species. For example, a snarling expression with exposed teeth signals a threat in many animals, including humans. Darwin also suggested that displaying an emotion can intensify the feeling. Smiling, for example, could enhance one's sense of happiness. This idea laid the foundation for understanding the role...
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Alzheimer's Disease Progressively Alters the Face-Evoked Visual-Processing Network.

Jie Huang1, Paul Beach2, Andrea Bozoki1,3

  • 1Department of Radiology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.

Journal of Alzheimer'S Disease : JAD
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Alzheimer's disease (AD) disrupts the visual processing network, starting in higher-order areas and progressing to lower-order regions as the disease worsens. This impacts face perception and network activity in patients.

Keywords:
Alzheimer’s diseaseFAUPAfunctional areas of unitary pooled activitytask-fMRIvisual functional network

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Postmortem studies reveal Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), progresses sequentially through visual cortical areas.
  • This progression suggests neuronal loss alters local activation and visual neural network activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To apply a novel method for identifying visual functional networks.
  • To investigate how Alzheimer's disease (AD) affects the face-evoked visual-processing network.
  • To correlate observed network changes with disease severity.

Main Methods:

  • A task-functional MRI (fMRI) study was conducted involving 8 severe AD (SAD) patients, 11 mild/moderate AD (MAD) patients, and 26 healthy senior (HS) controls.
  • Participants viewed face photographs during the fMRI scan to assess face-evoked visual processing.

Main Results:

  • Healthy seniors exhibited a visual-processing network in the ventral pathway from V1 to the fusiform gyrus.
  • AD patients showed a disrupted and reduced network dependent on disease severity.
  • Mild/moderate AD patients had network disruption mainly in higher-order visual association areas, while severe AD patients had near absence in these areas and disruption in lower-order areas.

Conclusions:

  • The observed network alterations in AD patients align with the established understanding of AD pathology progression through visual cortical areas.
  • This study demonstrates a disease-severity-dependent impact of Alzheimer's disease on the visual processing network, particularly affecting face perception.