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Stabilizing Edge Fluorination in Graphene Nanoribbons.

Mirco Panighel¹, Sabela Quiroga², Pedro Brandimarte³

¹CSIC and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193 Barcelona, Spain.

|August 18, 2020

Summary

Synthesizing fluorinated graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is difficult due to C-F bond instability. A novel precursor design stabilizes fluorine during synthesis, enabling the creation of stable, edge-fluorinated GNRs.

Keywords:

density functional theory edge functionalization fluorination graphene nanoribbons on-surface synthesis scanning tunneling microscopy self-assembly

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Nanotechnology
Organic Chemistry

Background:

On-surface synthesis of graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) is a key area in materials science.
Functionalizing GNRs, especially at the edges, presents challenges in maintaining functional group integrity during synthesis.
Edge fluorination of GNRs is particularly difficult due to the lability of C-F bonds under thermal reaction conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a strategy for synthesizing edge-fluorinated GNRs by addressing the instability of C-F bonds.
To demonstrate a rational precursor design that enhances the stability of fluorine functional groups during GNR synthesis.
To enable the controlled synthesis of functionalized GNRs with potential applications in advanced electronics and materials.

Main Methods:

Utilized on-surface synthesis techniques for GNRs.
Employed a rational precursor design to protect the C-F bond during thermal reactions.
Characterized reaction intermediates and final products using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).

Main Results:

Successfully synthesized edge-fluorinated GNRs by stabilizing the C-F bond through precursor design.
Demonstrated that the C-F bond survives the cyclodehydrogenation step, with GNRs retaining over 80% of fluorine atoms.
Identified that the precursor's structure prevents C-F bond cleavage by shielding it from residual hydrogen.

Conclusions:

Rational precursor design is crucial for stabilizing functional groups during on-surface GNR synthesis.
The developed method allows for the synthesis of robust edge-fluorinated GNRs, overcoming previous limitations.
This approach offers a pathway for the synthesis of other sp2-functionalized GNRs with enhanced stability.