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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

Dementia

413
Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
The progression of dementia is generally gradual....
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Alzheimer's Disease: Overview01:26

Alzheimer's Disease: Overview

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Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a continually advancing neurodegenerative disorder, distinguished by escalating memory loss, cognitive dysfunction, and dementia. The disease unfolds in three stages: preclinical, mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and dementia. Its onset is insidious, and the progression gradual, with the cause not well explained by other disorders.
The clinical diagnosis of AD hinges on the presence of memory and other cognitive impairments. Biomarkers, such as changes in Aβ...
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias

319
Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
319
Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

362
Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
362
Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

Disturbances in Heart Rhythm

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
Arrhythmias are categorized by their speed, rhythm, and origin. A slow heart...
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Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias01:25

Dysrhythmias VI: Management of Dysrhythmias

270
Dysrhythmia management involves a multifaceted approach, incorporating pharmacological treatments, medical procedures, surgical interventions, lifestyle modifications, and patient education.Pharmacological ManagementAntiarrhythmic Drugs:Class I (Sodium Channel Blockers): This class includes quinidine and procainamide, which reduce the speed of impulse conduction in the heart, stabilize the cardiac membrane, and control arrhythmias. Quinidine and procainamide are Class IA agents that prolong the...
270

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Duplex ultrasound assessment after venous vascular closure of 16-17 F OD femoral venotomy: AMBULATE EXPAND ultrasound substudy.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation
28:13

Catheter Ablation in Combination With Left Atrial Appendage Closure for Atrial Fibrillation

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Atrial Fibrillation and Dementia.

T Jared Bunch1

  • 1Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City.

Circulation
|August 18, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Atrial fibrillation (AF) increases dementia risk through brain perfusion issues and other factors. Early anticoagulation and rhythm control may reduce this risk, requiring further study.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to adverse comorbidities, notably dementia.
  • This association exists in patients with and without a history of stroke.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore mechanistic models linking AF and dementia.
  • To identify potential therapeutic strategies for reducing dementia risk in AF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Review of proposed mechanistic models for AF-dementia association.
  • Discussion of mediators like oxidative injury, inflammation, and genetics.
  • Consideration of therapeutic interventions such as anticoagulation and rhythm/rate control.

Main Results:

Keywords:
anticoagulantsatrial fibrillationcardioversioncatheter ablationdementiastrokevascular diseases

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  • Proposed mechanisms involve altered brain perfusion (embolic, bleeding, hypoperfusion).
  • Oxidative injury, inflammation, autoimmune mechanisms, and genetics are key mediators.
  • Anticoagulation and rhythm/rate control are potential therapeutic avenues.

    • Conclusions:

    • Effective anticoagulation and improved brain perfusion strategies may mitigate dementia risk.
    • Prospective trials are necessary to validate these therapeutic approaches and measure cognitive outcomes.