Wnts regulate planar cell polarity via heterotrimeric G protein and PI3K signaling

In the mammalian cochlea, the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway aligns hair cell orientation along the plane of the sensory epithelium. Concurrently, multiple cell intrinsic planar polarity (referred to as iPCP) modules mediate planar polarization of the hair cell apical cytoskeleton, including the kinocilium and the V-shaped hair bundle essential for mechanotransduction. How PCP and iPCP are coordinated during development and the roles of Wnt ligands in this process remain unresolved. Here we show that genetic blockade of Wnt secretion in the cochlear epithelium resulted in a shortened cochlear duct and misoriented and misshapen hair bundles. Mechanistically, Wnts stimulate Gi activity by regulating the localization of Daple, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) for Gαi. In turn, the Gβγ complex signals through phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) to regulate kinocilium positioning and asymmetric localizations of a subset of core PCP proteins, thereby coordinating PCP and iPCP. Thus, our results identify a putative Wnt/heterotrimeric G protein/PI3K pathway for PCP regulation.