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Lifestyle behaviors, psychological distress, and well-being: A daily diary study
Austen R Anderson1, Blaine J Fowers2
1Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 17 Center of Excellence for Research on Returning War Veterans, Waco, TX, USA; Central Texas Veterans Health Care System, Temple, TX, USA; Department of Educational and Psychological Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA.
Rationale:
Many lifestyle behaviors such as diet, exercise, social interaction, and substance use are related to physical and mental health. Less understood are the day-to-day associations of these behaviors with both psychological distress, well-being, and with each other.
Objective:
This study investigated how a number of common lifestyle behaviors were associated with psychological distress and well-being using a daily diary study with multilevel modeling. Associations among behaviors were analyzed with multilevel mediation and network models.
Methods:
An online participant pool consisting of seventy-six adults (age range: 19-64; mean age: 40.29; 58% female) completed daily diary surveys over 14 days and reported their engagement in lifestyle behaviors, psychological distress, hedonic well-being, and eudaimonic well-being.
Results:
Time spent in social interaction was the most consistent within-person correlate of psychological distress and well-being. The association between daily time in nature and well-being was mediated by social interaction and exercise. Network models found within-person associations among the lifestyle behaviors.
Conclusion:
The results indicate that social interaction may be an especially important lifestyle behavior to consider when promoting well-being. Future research should recognize that daily fluctuations in many lifestyle behaviors cluster together.
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