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Controlled Synthesis and Fluorescence Tracking of Highly Uniform PolyN-isopropylacrylamide Microgels

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Dynamic structure model of polyelectrolyte complex based controlled-release matrix tablets visualized by synchrotron

Xianzhen Yin¹, Liang Li², Xiangqin Gu²

¹Center for Drug Delivery Systems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China.

Materials Science & Engineering. C, Materials for Biological Applications

|August 19, 2020

Summary

This study reveals how chitosan-λ-carrageenan (CS-λ-CG) matrix tablets form a unique cross-linked film in the gastrointestinal tract, enabling novel controlled drug release mechanisms.

Keywords:

Chitosan–carrageenan matrix Hydration dynamic Microstructure Sustained release Synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-tomography

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Last Updated: Dec 11, 2025

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Preparation and Characterization of Individual and Multi-drug Loaded Physically Entrapped Polymeric Micelles

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Published on: August 28, 2015

Area of Science:

Pharmaceutical Sciences
Materials Science
Biomaterials Engineering

Background:

Hydrophilic matrix tablets are common for oral controlled-release systems.
Designing novel drug delivery mechanisms with simplified preparation is desirable.
The dynamic behavior and microstructural changes of chitosan-anionic polymer matrices during dissolution were previously unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

To elucidate the microstructural characteristics and hydration dynamics of chitosan-λ-carrageenan (CS-λ-CG) matrix tablets during dissolution.
To investigate the formation of a novel cross-linked layer and its impact on drug release mechanisms.
To visualize the internal microstructural changes using advanced imaging techniques.

Main Methods:

Utilized synchrotron radiation X-ray micro-tomography (SR-μCT) with phase contrast imaging.
Analyzed qualitative and quantitative intensity distribution to distinguish different layers.
Visualized 3D models to provide details on hydration dynamics and microstructural changes over time.

Main Results:

Successfully elucidated the micro-structure of CS-λ-CG matrix tablets during dissolution.
Distinguished a hydrated CS-λ-CG layer from a solid core, which transformed into gel and swollen layers in simulated gastric fluid (SGF).
Observed the formation of a strong, compact cross-linked polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) layer in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF), dominating drug release.

Conclusions:

Phase contrast SR-μCT is effective for investigating hydration dynamics in CS-λ-CG matrix tablets.
A novel drug release mechanism involving PEC formation was identified and visualized.
The study provides direct evidence of cross-linked film formation and its role in controlled drug release.