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Assessment of the Mouth01:26

Assessment of the Mouth

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A thorough mouth assessment, including inspection and palpation of the lips, gums, tongue, tonsils, uvula, and pharynx, is crucial in detecting potential health issues. Diseases ranging from oral cancer to systemic conditions like diabetes could be identified early through careful oral examination. This article provides a detailed guide on conducting a comprehensive mouth assessment.
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Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm01:29

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Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
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Auscultation is a crucial component of the physical assessment of the respiratory tract. It offers valuable insights into airflow through the bronchial tree and potential lung obstructions. This process involves careful listening to breath, voice, and adventitious sounds, which can reveal a wealth of information about a patient's respiratory health.
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Crowdsourcing to Assess Speech Quality Associated With Velopharyngeal Dysfunction.

Kaylee Paulsgrove1, Erin Miller2, Kristy Seidel3

  • 1Speech & Language Services, 7274Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, USA.

The Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal : Official Publication of the American Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Association
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Crowdsourcing provides a fast method for speech assessment in velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). While crowds offer reliable overall quality, intelligibility, and acceptability ratings comparable to experts, they struggle with specific speech characteristics.

Keywords:
articulationnasalityquality of liferesonancespeech developmentspeech perceptionspeech productionvelopharyngeal function

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Area of Science:

  • Speech-language pathology
  • Human-computer interaction
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD) affects speech outcomes in children.
  • Accurate speech evaluation is crucial for assessing VPD severity and treatment efficacy.
  • Traditional speech assessments rely on expert clinicians, which can be time-consuming and resource-intensive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the utility of crowdsourced responses for assessing speech outcomes in children with velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD).
  • To compare the reliability and validity of crowdsourced speech assessments with those of expert speech-language pathologists (SLPs).

Main Methods:

  • Fifty deidentified speech samples from children with VPD were compiled.
  • Crowdsourcing was used to obtain pairwise comparisons for speech quality ranking, overall quality, intelligibility, and acceptability ratings.
  • Twelve specialist SLPs completed the same tasks for comparison; all participants completed tasks twice, at least one week apart.

Main Results:

  • Over 6,300 layperson assessments were collected via crowdsourcing within 8 hours, demonstrating rapid data acquisition.
  • Crowdsourcing yielded reproducible Elo rankings of speech quality (ρ = .89) and consistent ratings for intelligibility (ICC = .87) and acceptability (ICC = .92) upon repeated assessments.
  • Crowd rankings and ratings showed significant correlation with SLP evaluations (ρ = .86 for rankings, ICC = .75–.79 for ratings), though correlations for specific speech characteristics were weaker (ICC < 0.65).

Conclusions:

  • Crowdsourcing is a promising, rapid method for gathering numerous speech assessments, with acceptable reliability for repeated evaluations.
  • Large groups of naive raters can provide evaluations of overall speech acceptability, intelligibility, and quality comparable to expert SLPs.
  • Crowdsourced assessments are less consistent with expert evaluations for specific speech characteristics like resonance and nasal air emission.