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Related Concept Videos

Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

981
Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
981
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

448
Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
448
Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts01:15

Thin-Walled Hollow Shafts

432
In analyzing a thin-walled hollow shaft subjected to torsional loading, a segment with width dx is isolated for examination. Despite its equilibrium state, this segment faces torsional shearing forces at its ends. These forces are quantitatively described by the product of the longitudinal shearing stress on the segment's minor surface and the area of this surface, leading to the concept of shear flow. This shear flow is consistent throughout the structure, indicating a uniform distribution of...
432
Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry01:16

Eccentric Axial Loading in a Plane of Symmetry

431
Eccentric axial loading occurs when an axial load is applied away from the centroidal axis of a structural member. This scenario is common in engineering, where structural elements may not be directly aligned due to various design or functional requirements.
431

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Analysis and Imaging of Osteocytes
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Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulation of trabecular bone under cyclic loading in different directions.

Taiyang Li1, Zebin Chen1, Yan Gao1

  • 1Department of Mechanics, School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, PR China.

Journal of Biomechanics
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mechanical loading direction influences bone remodeling. Physiological loading creates beneficial fluid shear stress for osteoblasts and osteoclasts, unlike non-physiological loading, aiding bone adaptation.

Keywords:
Bone remodelingFluid shear stressFluid–solid coupling simulationMechanobiologyTrabecular bone

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Mechanobiology
  • Skeletal Biology

Background:

  • Bone tissue adapts to mechanical loading via remodeling, regulated by osteoblasts and osteoclasts.
  • Interstitial fluid flow under cyclic loading stimulates osteoblast and osteoclast responses.
  • The relationship between loading direction and fluid flow in bone is not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how different loading directions affect interstitial fluid flow and stress distribution in bone.
  • To understand the mechanical environment influencing osteoblasts and osteoclasts during bone remodeling.

Main Methods:

  • A finite element model was created using micro-computed tomographic scans of a mouse femur.
  • Fluid-solid coupling numerical simulations were performed to analyze stress and fluid flow.

Main Results:

  • Different loading directions produced distinct distributions of von Mises stress in the bone matrix and fluid shear stress (FSS) in the bone marrow.
  • Physiological loading resulted in more uniform solid stress and beneficial FSS levels for osteoblast and osteoclast activity compared to non-physiological loading.
  • A minimum threshold of wall FSS correlated with specific solid stress at the bone surface, indicating FSS is induced by solid strain.

Conclusions:

  • Loading direction significantly impacts bone's mechanical environment and cellular responses.
  • Physiological loading optimizes fluid shear stress for bone remodeling processes.
  • Findings provide insights into the mechanobiology of bone remodeling and cellular responses to mechanical stimuli.