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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

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The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Novel compact device for clinically measuring extraocular muscle (EOM) tension.

Hyun Jin Shin1, Sang Jae Lee2, Chung-Sik Oh3

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University Medical Center, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Ophthalmology, Blanton Eye Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.

Journal of Biomechanics
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

A new device accurately measures passive extraocular muscle (EOM) tension, improving strabismus diagnosis and surgical planning. This quantifiable method overcomes limitations of subjective manual testing for ophthalmic surgeons.

Keywords:
Extraocular muscleForced duction testStrabismusTension measurement

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Accurate measurement of extraocular muscle (EOM) tension is crucial for diagnosing and surgically planning strabismus.
  • Current methods like the forced duction test are subjective and lack quantification.
  • Existing quantitative techniques are complex and not widely used in clinical settings.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel, compact, quantifiable, and clinically applicable device for measuring passive EOM tension.
  • To overcome the limitations of subjective manual assessments and complex existing quantitative methods.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel device utilizing locking forceps and a tilting sensor.
  • The device compensates for gripping force and tilting to improve measurement accuracy.
  • Device performance evaluated on 60 eyes of 30 anesthetized patients prior to ophthalmic surgery.

Main Results:

  • The device successfully measured passive EOM tension in human rectus muscles.
  • Measured tensions aligned with previous findings for lateral, medial, inferior, and superior rectus muscles.
  • Data provided quantifiable EOM tension values, e.g., 48.3 ± 14.5 g for the lateral rectus.

Conclusions:

  • The novel device offers a quantifiable and clinically applicable solution for measuring passive EOM tension.
  • This technology can enhance the accuracy of strabismus diagnosis and surgical planning.
  • The device represents a significant advancement over subjective and complex existing methods.