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Related Concept Videos

Decreased Body Temperature01:29

Decreased Body Temperature

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Acute Coronary Syndrome I: Introduction01:30

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Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) encompasses a spectrum of heart conditions caused by sudden obstruction of coronary arteries, typically resulting from the rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque and subsequent thrombus (blood clot) formation. This obstruction can lead to partial or complete blockage of blood flow, causing varying degrees of myocardial ischemia or infarction.ACS includes the following clinical entities:Unstable Angina (UA)Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)ST-Elevation...
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IntroductionThe management of Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) aims to minimize myocardial damage, preserve myocardial function, and prevent complications.Initial ManagementInpatient management involves continuous cardiac monitoring, preferably in an ICU, focusing on blood pressure, serum sodium, potassium, and creatinine levels, and urine output. Ongoing pharmacologic management is crucial for stabilizing the patient.Supplemental Oxygen: Administer supplemental oxygen if oxygen saturation is...
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Methods of reducing fever01:22

Methods of reducing fever

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The signs and symptoms of fever include hot and dry skin, flushed face, thirst, muscle aches, anorexia, headache, tachycardia, tachypnea, and fatigue. Elevated body temperature is reduced using two methods: pharmacological and nonpharmacological. Proper identification and treatment of the root cause of a fever is of utmost importance.
Pharmacological Methods of Reducing Fever:
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

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Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

In vitro Assessment of Myocardial Protection following Hypothermia-Preconditioning in a Human Cardiac Myocytes Model
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Therapeutic Hypothermia in STEMI.

Yazan Bashtawi1, Zakaria Almuwaqqat2

  • 1Department of Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan.

Cardiovascular Revascularization Medicine : Including Molecular Interventions
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Local coronary hypothermia may prevent heart damage after STEMI. This technique, applied before reperfusion, reduces infarct size and may improve outcomes by protecting cardiomyocytes from injury.

Keywords:
Infarct sizeIntracoronary hypothermiaNo-reflowPCIReperfusion injurySTEMI

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Interventional Cardiology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Reperfusion injury following ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is a significant clinical challenge.
  • Current strategies aim to minimize cardiomyocyte death and infarct size during reperfusion.
  • Systemic hypothermia has shown limited success due to slow induction and side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of local coronary hypothermia as an adjunct to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in STEMI patients.
  • To determine if intracoronary hypothermia can prevent reperfusion injury, no-reflow phenomenon, and reduce infarct size.
  • To assess the safety and feasibility of rapid intracoronary hypothermia delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on hypothermia and reperfusion strategies for STEMI.
  • Analysis of intracoronary hypothermia protocols using routine PCI equipment.
  • Investigation of heat transfer mechanisms (conduction and convection) during cooling.
  • Evaluation of safety, feasibility, and impact on door-to-balloon time.

Main Results:

  • Intracoronary hypothermia can rapidly cool the target myocardium before reperfusion.
  • The technique is safe and feasible, with no significant delay in PCI.
  • Hypothermia reduces calcium overload, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial permeability transition pore (MPT) activation.
  • Observed reduction in infarct size warrants further validation in large trials.

Conclusions:

  • Local coronary hypothermia is a promising adjunct to PCI for STEMI, potentially reducing reperfusion injury and infarct size.
  • Further research is needed to optimize hypothermia duration and explore combinations with other cardioprotective therapies.
  • Balancing cardioprotective benefits with potential ischemia time extension is crucial.