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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Natural Products Chemistry
  • Cancer Research

Background:

  • Cancer remains a major global health challenge, driving the search for novel therapeutic agents.
  • Microbial secondary metabolites are a promising source for discovering new drug leads.
  • Actinobacteria are known producers of diverse bioactive compounds with therapeutic potential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the actinobacterial diversity associated with the Antarctic plant Deschampsia antarctica.
  • To identify strains producing compounds with antitumour activity.
  • To characterize the bioactive metabolites from promising isolates.

Main Methods:

  • Integrated culture-dependent and culture-independent methods for actinobacterial identification.
  • 16S rRNA gene sequencing for phylogenetic analysis.
  • Screening of secondary metabolites for antiproliferative activity against human cancer cell lines.
  • Bio-guided assays and compound identification (Cinerubin B, Actinomycin V).

Main Results:

  • Identified 72 psychrotolerant Actinobacteria strains from D. antarctica rhizosphere.
  • 17 isolates showed potential as antitumour compound producers.
  • Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1527 and Streptomyces sp. CMAA 1653 exhibited significant antiproliferative activity.
  • Identified Cinerubin B and Actinomycin V as key compounds responsible for activity.

Conclusions:

  • The rhizosphere of Deschampsia antarctica is a rich reservoir of bioactive actinobacteria.
  • This environment is a valuable source for discovering novel antitumour agents.
  • Streptomyces isolates from this niche hold significant promise for developing new cancer therapies.