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Structural Variation of the Turtle Mitochondrial Control Region.

Lucas E Bernacki1,2, C William Kilpatrick3

  • 1Department of Sciences, Saint Joseph's College, Mercy Hall, Rm 122, 278 Whites Bridge Road, Standish, ME, 04084, USA. lbernacki@sjcme.edu.

Journal of Molecular Evolution
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals significant variability in turtle mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop structures. A conserved AT-rich region in the D-loop may play a key role in regulating mtDNA replication and transcription across all turtle species.

Keywords:
Conserved sequence blocksD-loop regionMitochondrial DNATWINKLETermination-associated sequencesTurtles (Testudines)

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • The mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) D-loop region is crucial for regulating mtDNA replication and transcription.
  • Understanding structural variations in the D-loop across turtle species is essential for evolutionary and functional insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To conduct a comprehensive comparison of primary and secondary structures of the turtle mtD-loop region.
  • To investigate conserved and variable elements within the mtD-loop across different turtle families and superfamilies.

Main Methods:

  • DNA sequences from 48 turtle species were analyzed for primary structure comparison.
  • Secondary structures were inferred using Mfold based on thermal stabilities.
  • Structural features were mapped to identify conserved sequence blocks (CSBs) and functional domains.

Main Results:

  • Both primary and secondary mtD-loop structures exhibit high variability across turtle species.
  • The Cryptodira suborder shows conserved sequence blocks, while Pleurodira shows limited conservation except for the core TAS.
  • A conserved AT-rich secondary structure was identified near the 3' terminus in all turtle superfamilies.

Conclusions:

  • The Central Domain of the turtle mtD-loop may be functionally equivalent to the Left Domain in mammals.
  • The conserved AT-rich element likely has a functional role, potentially in regulating mtDNA replication or transcription.
  • Structural variations highlight evolutionary adaptations and potential homoplasies within the turtle mtD-loop.