[Diagnostics and classification of non-unions]

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic Surgery
• Radiology
• Medical Diagnostics

Background:

• Non-union is defined as a fracture with no foreseeable healing without surgical intervention.
• Several predispositions and factors influence the diagnosis, classification, and surgical treatment of non-union.
• Optimizing diagnostics and treatment requires considering these complex factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To emphasize the importance of a standardized classification for patient-specific non-union treatment.
• To present modern radiologic diagnostic methods alongside established algorithms.
• To guide surgeons in selecting optimal treatment based on accurate diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Diagnosis primarily relies on clinical examination and radiological imaging (X-ray, CT).
• Advanced imaging techniques like contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) are used for complex cases.
• These advanced methods help assess infection status and perfusion in non-union.

Main Results:

• A focused diagnostic approach using radiologic and functional tools is essential for classifying non-union.
• Modern functional imaging (CEUS, DCE-MRI) provides crucial data for treatment planning.
• Precise classification guides surgeons in establishing optimal treatment strategies.

Conclusions:

• A practicable and precise classification of non-union types is achievable through a focused diagnostic procedure.
• Radiologic and functional diagnostic tools are vital for guiding optimal surgical treatment.
• The integration of modern functional imaging enhances the management of non-union.