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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:46

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Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

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Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying...
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Genomic Imprinting and Inheritance02:30

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Diploid organisms inherit genetic material through chromosomes from both parents. Copies of the same gene are known as alleles. In most cases, both alleles are simultaneously expressed and allow various cellular processes to function optimally. If one of the alleles is missing or mutated, the expression of the other allele can compensate; however, this is not true for all genes.
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In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
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Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

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Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Making it or breaking it: DNA methylation and genome integrity.

Anusha Sriraman1,2, Turja K Debnath1,2, Blerta Xhemalce1,2,3

  • 1Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, U.S.A.

Essays in Biochemistry
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

DNA methylation, an epigenetic mark, impacts DNA damage response (DDR) and genome integrity. Understanding this link is crucial for cancer therapeutics targeting DNA methylation pathways.

Keywords:
CancerDNA damageDNA methylationDNA synthesis and repairepigeneticsgenome integrity

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Area of Science:

  • Cellular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Cells face DNA damage from internal and external stressors.
  • The DNA damage response (DDR) is a signaling cascade that preserves genome integrity.
  • The role of DNA chemical modifications, like DNA methylation, in the DDR is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of DNA methylation's role in maintaining genome integrity in mammalian cells.
  • To explore the connection between DNA methylation, DNA damage signaling, repair, and replication.
  • To discuss epigenetic drugs targeting DNA methylation in the context of the DDR and cancer therapeutics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on DNA methylation and DNA damage response.
  • Analysis of the impact of DNA methylation on mutation occurrence and genome instability.
  • Discussion of current epigenetic drugs and their effects on DNA methylation pathways.

Main Results:

  • DNA methylation is implicated in DNA damage signaling, repair, and replication.
  • Sites of DNA methylation can lead to mutations, driving diseases like cancer.
  • Alterations in DNA methylation correlate with increased cancer susceptibility, potentially via DDR or transcriptional effects.

Conclusions:

  • DNA methylation plays a significant role in genome integrity and is linked to cancer development.
  • Targeting DNA methylation pathways offers potential therapeutic strategies for cancer.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the interplay between DNA methylation, transcription, and the DDR for coordinated genome integrity maintenance.