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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Related Experiment Video

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Viscoelastic cervical total disc replacement devices: Design concepts.

Celien A M Jacobs1, Christoph J Siepe2, Keita Ito1

  • 1Orthopaedic Biomechanics, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, De Rondom 70, 5612 AP Eindhoven, the Netherlands.

The Spine Journal : Official Journal of the North American Spine Society
|August 19, 2020
PubMed
Summary

New viscoelastic cervical disc replacement (CDR) devices aim to mimic natural discs. This review analyzes their design advantages and disadvantages, noting long-term material behavior is still unknown.

Keywords:
Artificial cervical discCervical disc arthroplastyComplicationsDesignKinematicsSpineViscoelastic

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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Biomechanical engineering
  • Orthopedic implant design

Background:

  • First-generation cervical disc replacement (CDR) devices, based on traditional designs, show satisfactory clinical results but have limited resemblance to natural disc kinematics.
  • The need for improved biomechanical replication has driven the development of deformable viscoelastic CDR devices.
  • These newer devices vary in materials, design, and outcomes, with limited data on their specific strengths and weaknesses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and discuss the design-related advantages and disadvantages of deformable viscoelastic CDR devices.
  • To provide insights into specific design characteristics of various viscoelastic devices for surgeons and engineers.
  • To inform the development and design of future cervical disc replacement implants.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of deformable viscoelastic CDR devices.
  • Identification of eleven viscoelastic CDR devices.
  • Extensive database search (Medline, PubMed) using device tradenames.
  • Categorization of devices based on common design characteristics to assess complications and advantages.

Main Results:

  • Most viscoelastic CDR devices provide motion in all six degrees-of-freedom with a variable center of rotation.
  • The long-term in vivo behavior of viscoelastic materials used in these devices remains unknown due to limited orthopedic history.
  • Specific design categories and individual devices present unique advantages and drawbacks.

Conclusions:

  • Viscoelastic CDR devices show promise for the future of cervical arthroplasty by better mimicking natural disc biomechanics.
  • Further long-term clinical outcome data is essential to validate the benefits of replicating disc viscoelasticity.
  • Understanding design-specific characteristics is crucial for advancing implant development.