Permanent left bundle branch area pacing utilizing intracardiac echocardiogram
Xiang-Fei Feng1, Peng-Pai Zhang2, Bo Liu2
1Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1665#, KongJiang Road, Shanghai, 200092, China. fengxiangfei@xinhuamed.com.cn.
Background:
Recently, left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAP) has been shown to be feasible. However, the right ventricular (RV) implantation site for LBBAP remains elusive. We believe that the RV implantation site should be located at the posteromedial basal septum, and in this paper, we propose a new method to help guide lead implantation. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
Methods:
The RV implantation site was positioned by a combination of a nine-grid system on fluoroscopy and the use of intracardiac echocardiogram (ICE) and then verified by ICE.
Results:
Fifteen patients were enrolled for LBBAP using our method. The acute success rate was 86.7% (13/15), which demonstrated that our method is useful for assisting with lead implantation. According to ICE, the distance between the implantation site and apex (the front) and the distance between the implantation site and tricuspid annulus (the back) were 44.9 ± 10.7 and 33.2 ± 10.4 mm, respectively, and the ratio of the front and the back was 1.57 ± 0.80. The distance between the implantation site and the front junction point of the left-right ventricle (the upper) and the distance between the implantation site and the back junction point (the lower) were 33.4 ± 10.6 and 24.5 ± 10.2 mm, respectively. The ratio of the upper to the lower was 1.76 ± 1.36. These results suggest that the implantation site was at the posteromedial basal septum. The width of the QRS duration increased from 110.4 ± 33.1 ms at baseline to 114.1 ± 16.1 ms post LBBAP (P > 0.05). The operation time was 133 ± 32.9 min. The time of X-ray fluoroscopy was 21.2 ± 5.9 min. The mean time for lead positioning during LBBAP was 33.8 ± 16.6 min. During a follow-up of 3 months, the LBB capture threshold remained stable in 12 patients, except for one patient who had an increase in the LBB capture threshold to 3.0 v/0.4 ms.
Conclusions:
Our preliminary results indicate that the posteromedial basal septum could be seen as the implantation site for LBBAP. As a technique for LBBAP, ICE is a useful method for assisting with lead implantation. It is feasible and safe to use a nine-grid system combined with ICE for LBBAP.
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