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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

846
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
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¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Variable-Temperature NMR01:15

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The axial and equatorial protons in cyclohexane can be distinguished by performing a variable-temperature NMR experiment. In this process, except for one proton, the remaining eleven protons are replaced by deuterium. The deuterium substitution avoids the possible peak splitting caused by the spin-spin coupling between the adjacent protons. The remaining proton flips between the axial and equatorial positions.
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Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

1.1K
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
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Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature01:27

Atomic Spectroscopy: Effects of Temperature

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Atomization, converting samples into gas-phase atoms and ions, is essential for atomic spectroscopy. The flame temperature required for atomization affects the efficiency of the atomic spectroscopic methods by increasing the atomization efficiency and the relative population of the excited and ground states.
At thermal equilibrium, the relative populations of excited and ground state atoms can be estimated using the Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution. For example, an increase in temperature...
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IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

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A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to...
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IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

4.1K
When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

In situ FTIR Spectroscopy as a Tool for Investigation of Gas/Solid Interaction: Water-Enhanced CO2 Adsorption in UiO-66 Metal-Organic Framework
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Features of Measuring Low CO Concentrations in N2-Containing Mixtures at Different Temperatures Using Spontaneous

Dmitry V Petrov1,2

  • 1Institute of Monitoring of Climatic and Ecological Systems, Tomsk, Russia.

Applied Spectroscopy
|August 20, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Raman spectroscopy can optimize combustion by analyzing exhaust gases. Accurately measuring carbon monoxide requires accounting for nitrogen interference, especially at high temperatures, to avoid significant errors.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopycarbon monoxidegas analysisnitrogentemperature

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Combustion Science
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • Raman spectroscopy offers rapid analysis of combustion exhaust gases for process optimization.
  • Accurate quantification of carbon monoxide (CO) is crucial, with emission limits typically between 100-200 ppm.
  • Nitrogen (N2) spectral lines overlap with CO lines, complicating concentration determination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a method for deriving carbon monoxide intensity from Raman spectra.
  • To investigate the impact of nitrogen spectrum fitting on CO concentration measurements.
  • To evaluate the significance of Herman-Wallis factors in temperature-dependent spectral analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a technique for fitting nitrogen spectra at varying temperatures to isolate CO signals.
  • Analyzed the influence of Herman-Wallis factors on spectral fitting accuracy.
  • Quantified measurement errors introduced by neglecting these factors.

Main Results:

  • A method for deriving CO intensity by fitting the nitrogen spectrum was discussed.
  • Ignoring Herman-Wallis factors in spectral fitting leads to increased measurement errors with temperature.
  • Errors exceeding 350 ppm were observed at 1800 K when these factors were omitted.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate carbon monoxide measurement using Raman spectroscopy necessitates careful consideration of nitrogen spectral contributions.
  • The inclusion of Herman-Wallis factors is critical for precise CO quantification, particularly at elevated temperatures.
  • Neglecting these factors can lead to substantial overestimation of CO concentrations in combustion analysis.