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RdDM pathway components differentially modulate Tobamovirus symptom development.

Melisa Leone^1,2, Diego Zavallo¹, Andrea Venturuzzi¹

¹Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular (IABIMO), Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), De Los Reseros y N. Repetto S/N, Hurlingham, B1686IGC, Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Plant Molecular Biology

|August 20, 2020

Summary

Epigenetics, specifically DNA methylation guided by small RNAs (sRNAs), influences plant virus symptoms independently of defense responses. Disrupting RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) alters plant gene expression and modifies disease symptoms.

Keywords:

Epigenetics Immunity RdDM Symptoms Virus sRNAs

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Area of Science:

Plant pathology
Epigenetics
Molecular biology

Background:

Phytovirus infections cause crop yield losses primarily through disease symptoms.
Epigenetics, involving DNA modifications like methylation, regulates gene expression without altering DNA sequence.
Small RNAs (sRNAs) are key regulators in plant-pathogen interactions, influencing gene expression and symptoms.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of epigenetics, specifically 24-nt sRNAs and RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM), in inducing plant virus symptoms.
To determine if DNA methylation, independent of defense mechanisms, contributes to symptom development during plant-virus interactions.

Main Methods:

Utilized RNA-directed DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway mutants.
Employed a triple demethylase mutant.
Analyzed alterations in the plant transcriptome and observed changes in plant symptoms following viral infection in these mutants.

Main Results:

Disruption of the RdDM pathway during viral infection led to significant alterations in the plant transcriptome.
These transcriptomic changes resulted in observable modifications in plant symptoms.
Evidence suggests a role for DNA methylation, mediated by endogenous sRNAs, in symptom production, separate from defense pathways.

Conclusions:

DNA methylation directed by endogenous sRNAs plays a crucial, uncoupled role in generating symptoms associated with plant-virus interactions.
This study provides initial evidence for the direct involvement of epigenetic mechanisms in symptom development, beyond their role in defense.