Learning outcomes of the observer role in nursing simulation: a scoping review protocol

The purpose of this study is to map the literature investigating learning outcomes that have been measured in the observer role in simulation. A scoping review will be completed to investigate the research question: What learning outcomes have been reported in nurses or nursing students participating in simulation while assigned to the observer role?

Simulation-based learning experiences (SBLE) are being utilized more frequently to support learning with increasing numbers of nurses. Despite SBLE becoming more popular, resources and manikin availability are not meeting the demand placed on simulation programs in nursing schools and health care facilities. Programs are placing more learners in observational roles without knowing what learning can be expected.

Studies will be considered if they investigated learning outcomes of any nursing population (e.g. pre-licensure nursing student, graduate nursing student, practicing nurse) placed in an observational role in simulation. Any simulation topic related to nursing care will be considered. The observer role may involve observing one's own or expert behavior. The SBLE may occur in a simulation lab, classroom, community, health care facility, or online setting. Studies that include health care professionals other than nurses will be excluded. Experimental, quasi-experimental, observational, and qualitative studies will be considered.

The JBI methodology for scoping reviews will be followed. A three-step search strategy will be used to identify potentially relevant articles. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts, assess full-text studies against the inclusion criteria, and extract data. Results will be presented in a manner that aligns with the objective of the review.