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Related Concept Videos

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias01:18

Dysrhythmias IV: Characteristics of Bradyarrhythmias

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Bradyarrhythmias are cardiac rhythm disorders characterized by a slower-than-normal heart rate, typically defined as fewer than 60 beats per minute. Some of which are discussed here:Sinus BradycardiaSinus bradycardia presents a heart rate lower than 60 beats per minute, with a regular rhythm originating from the SA node. The ECG typically shows normal P waves preceding each QRS complex, a normal PR interval (0.12 to 0.20 seconds), and a normal QRS duration (0.06 to 0.10 seconds).First-Degree AV...
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Disturbances in Heart Rhythm01:29

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Arrhythmia or dysrhythmia refers to an abnormal heart rhythm caused by a defect in the heart's conduction system. It can cause the heart to beat irregularly, too quickly, or too slowly, leading to symptoms like chest pain, shortness of breath, and fainting. Factors such as stress, caffeine, alcohol, nicotine, cocaine, certain drugs, congenital defects, diseases, and electrolyte abnormalities can trigger arrhythmias.
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Electrocardiogram01:29

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An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a critical diagnostic tool that records the electrical signals produced by the heart during each heartbeat. This recording is achieved through electrodes placed strategically on the arms, legs, and chest. The electrocardiograph amplifies these signals and produces 12 distinct tracings, offering a comprehensive understanding of the heart's electrical activity.
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ECG Interpretation of Arrhythmias II: Atrial, Junctional and Ventricular Arrhythmias01:25

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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias01:28

Dysrhythmias II: Classification of Tachyarrhythmias

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Tachyarrhythmias are a type of dysrhythmia where the heart rate exceeds 100 beats per minute. Here are some common types of tachyarrhythmias:Sinus TachycardiaSinus tachycardia originates from increased impulses from the sinus node, leading to an elevated heart rate. It is often triggered by stress, fever, or exercise.Patients may experience palpitations, a sensation of a racing heart, dizziness, and chest discomfort.Causes and Risk Factors: Common causes include physical exertion, emotional...
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Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias01:29

Dysrhythmias III: Characteristics of Dysrhythmias

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Dysrhythmias, also known as arrhythmias, are irregular heart rhythms that result from abnormal electrical activity in the heart, affecting its ability to circulate blood efficiently. Tachyarrhythmias, a subset of dysrhythmias, are characterized by abnormally fast heart rates exceeding 100 beats per minute. Here are some types of tachyarrhythmias with their distinct ECG features:Sinus Tachycardia:Sinus tachycardia presents a regular heart rhythm with an increased rate of 101-180 beats per...
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Fever-Induced Brugada-Pattern Electrocardiogram.

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Fever can unmask Brugada syndrome, a heart condition with a high risk of sudden death. Emergency physicians should recognize this ECG pattern and seek cardiology consultation for at-risk patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Emergency Medicine
  • Clinical Electrophysiology

Background:

  • Brugada syndrome is a genetic disorder characterized by ECG abnormalities and increased risk of sudden cardiac death.
  • The Brugada ECG pattern can be latent and unmasked by various stressors, including fever, medications, and ischemia.
  • Patients with structurally normal hearts can be affected, posing diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 47-year-old male presented with syncope and flu-like symptoms, exhibiting fever and a Brugada pattern on ECG.
  • The Brugada ECG pattern resolved upon fever resolution, indicating a transient manifestation.
  • Despite pattern resolution, the syncopal episode raised concerns for ventricular arrhythmias.

Findings:

  • Fever acted as a trigger, unmasking the Brugada ECG pattern in this patient.
  • The patient's presentation highlighted the potential link between febrile illness and cardiac events in Brugada syndrome.
  • The case underscores the importance of considering Brugada syndrome in patients with syncope and fever.

Implications:

  • Emergency physicians must be vigilant for Brugada ECG patterns, especially during febrile illnesses.
  • Prompt cardiology consultation is crucial for patients with syncope and unmasked Brugada patterns.
  • Early recognition and management can mitigate the risk of sudden cardiac death in Brugada syndrome.