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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells
Published on: March 7, 2025
Emerging role of metabolic reprogramming in tumor immune evasion and immunotherapy
Chunmei Fan1,2,3, Shanshan Zhang4, Zhaojian Gong5
1NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
Abstract:
Mounting evidence has revealed that the therapeutic efficacy of immunotherapies is restricted to a small portion of cancer patients. A deeper understanding of how metabolic reprogramming in the tumor microenvironment (TME) regulates immunity remains a major challenge to tumor eradication. It has been suggested that metabolic reprogramming in the TME may affect metabolism in immune cells and subsequently suppress immune function. Tumor cells compete with infiltrating immune cells for nutrients and metabolites. Notably, the immunosuppressive TME is characterized by catabolic and anabolic processes that are critical for immune cell function, and elevated inhibitory signals may favor cancer immune evasion. The major energy sources that supply different immune cell subtypes also undergo reprogramming. We herein summarize the metabolic remodeling in tumor cells and different immune cell subtypes and the latest advances underlying the use of metabolic checkpoints in antitumor immunotherapies. In this context, targeting both tumor and immune cell metabolic reprogramming may enhance therapeutic efficacy.
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