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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Eye01:20

Muscles of the Eye

3.1K
The muscles of the eye are sophisticated structures that control eye movement and focus, allowing for the precise and rapid adjustments necessary for vision. The human eye is controlled by ten muscles — six extraocular muscles, three intraocular muscles, and one primary eyelid retractor muscle.
Extraocular Muscles
The six extraocular muscles surround the eyeball and control its movements. They are responsible for a wide range of eye motions, including looking up, down, left, right, and...
3.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Muscle Transplantation for Large Angle Horizontal Strabismus.

Savleen Kaur, Tripti Choudhary, Vernon Geh

    Journal of Pediatric Ophthalmology and Strabismus
    |August 21, 2020
    PubMed
    Summary

    Large angle strabismus, including esotropia and exotropia, can be treated with true muscle transplantation. This case series shows unilateral true muscle transplantation is a viable single-stage surgical option for large-angle deviations.

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    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Pediatric Ophthalmology
    • Strabismus Surgery

    Background:

    • Large angle strabismus (esotropia, exotropia) often requires bilateral surgery.
    • Patient aversion to operating on the 'good' eye presents a challenge.
    • True muscle transplantation offers an alternative surgical approach.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of unilateral true muscle transplantation.
    • To assess this technique as a single-stage procedure for large angle strabismus.

    Main Methods:

    • Case series of four patients with large angle esotropia/exotropia.
    • Unilateral true muscle transplantation performed as a single-stage surgery.

    Main Results:

    • Successful correction of large angle esotropia and exotropia.
    • Unilateral true muscle transplantation demonstrated effectiveness in this cohort.

    Conclusions:

    • Unilateral true muscle transplantation is a feasible single-stage surgical option.
    • This technique addresses patient reluctance for bilateral surgery in large angle strabismus.