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Imaging Features of Acute Encephalopathy in Patients with COVID-19: A Case Series

S Kihira1, B N Delman1, P Belani1

  • 1From the Departments of Diagnostic, Molecular and Interventional Radiology (S.K., B.N.D., P.B., A.A., B.R., J.S., A.H.D., P.S.P.).

AJNR. American Journal of Neuroradiology
|August 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

This study highlights key brain imaging findings in five patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and acute encephalopathy. Radiologists should recognize these diverse neuroradiologic features associated with COVID-19 neurological complications.

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • The World Health Organization declared coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a global pandemic on March 11, 2020.
  • Limited data exists on the brain imaging characteristics of COVID-19 patients.
  • Acute encephalopathy is a potential neurological complication of COVID-19.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present five cases illustrating the varied neuroimaging findings in patients with COVID-19 and acute encephalopathy.
  • To increase awareness among radiologists regarding the spectrum of neuroradiologic manifestations of COVID-19-associated encephalopathy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective case series analysis.
  • Review of magnetic resonance (MR) imaging features in five patients diagnosed with COVID-19 and acute encephalopathy.
  • Detailed description of observed neuroradiologic findings.

Main Results:

  • Observed MR features included leukoencephalopathy, diffusion restriction in gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), microhemorrhages, and leptomeningitis.
  • The cases demonstrated a range of acute encephalopathy presentations in the context of COVID-19.
  • Imaging findings varied across the presented cases.

Conclusions:

  • The neuroradiologic imaging spectrum of acute encephalopathy in COVID-19 patients is diverse.
  • Familiarity with these findings is crucial for radiologists managing patients with COVID-19.
  • Early recognition of these brain imaging features may aid in the diagnosis and management of neurological complications in COVID-19.

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