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Tracking the carbons supplying gluconeogenesis.

Ankit M Shah1, Fredric E Wondisford2

  • 1Department of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|August 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding glucose metabolism is crucial for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review examines gluconeogenesis, a key process in hyperglycemia, and identifies knowledge gaps for future research.

Keywords:
carbon fluxgluconeogenesisisotopic tracermass spectrometry (MS)metabolomicsnuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)type 2 diabetes

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Area of Science:

  • Metabolic research
  • Diabetes mellitus research

Background:

  • Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) presents a growing global health challenge.
  • Hyperglycemia in T2DM is significantly influenced by increased gluconeogenesis.
  • Decades of isotope tracer studies have elucidated gluconeogenesis in various physiological states.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of carbon flux in gluconeogenesis.
  • To detail substrate contributions to glucose production from gluconeogenic precursors.
  • To discuss alterations in gluconeogenic metabolites and fluxes specific to T2DM.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and isotope tracer experimental data.
  • Analysis of human and animal studies on gluconeogenesis.
  • Focus on metabolic pathways and substrate utilization.

Main Results:

  • Gluconeogenesis plays a critical role in glucose production, particularly in T2DM.
  • Specific precursors contribute to glucose synthesis, with altered fluxes in diabetic conditions.
  • Knowledge gaps exist regarding the precise regulation and contribution of various substrates.

Conclusions:

  • A thorough understanding of gluconeogenesis is essential for comprehending T2DM pathophysiology.
  • Identifying alterations in gluconeogenesis can reveal novel therapeutic targets for hyperglycemia.
  • Further investigation into gluconeogenesis is needed to advance T2DM treatment strategies.