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Related Concept Videos

Aging01:26

Aging

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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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An organism can have thousands of different proteins, and these proteins must cooperate to ensure the health of an organism. Proteins bind to other proteins and form complexes to carry out their functions. Many proteins interact with multiple other proteins creating a complex network of protein interactions.
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Mitochondria01:37

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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Age-dependent Dynamics of Locomotion in Caenorhabditis elegans: A Lyapunov Exponent Analysis
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Optimal control of aging in complex networks.

Eric D Sun1, Thomas C T Michaels1, L Mahadevan2,3,4

  • 1School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores how to maintain aging complex systems by developing optimal maintenance strategies. It uses network models and control theory to minimize failure probability and maximize longevity with minimal intervention costs.

Keywords:
agingcontrolfailurenetworksrepair

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Area of Science:

  • Complex systems science
  • Network theory
  • Control theory

Background:

  • Complex systems accumulate damage over time, leading to aging and increased failure risk.
  • Understanding and mitigating system aging is crucial for longevity and reliability.
  • Interdependent network models reveal cascading failures in aging systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine optimal maintenance protocols for aging complex systems.
  • To maximize system health and longevity while minimizing maintenance costs.
  • To investigate strategies for promoting longevity in engineered and biological systems.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a simple interdependent network model of aging.
  • Application of optimal control theory and reinforcement learning.
  • Combination of analytical methods and computer simulations.

Main Results:

  • The network model exhibits cascading failures characteristic of aging systems.
  • Optimal maintenance protocols were identified through control theory and reinforcement learning.
  • Simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the derived protocols.

Conclusions:

  • Optimal maintenance strategies can significantly enhance the longevity of aging complex systems.
  • These findings have potential applications in therapeutic scheduling and engineered system upkeep.
  • The study provides a framework for rational design of longevity-promoting interventions.