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Defining the Role Of Language in Infants' Object Categorization with Eye-tracking Paradigms
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Naming guides how 12-month-old infants encode and remember objects.

Alexander S LaTourrette1, Sandra R Waxman2,3

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208; slatourrette@gmail.com.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|August 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Infants as young as 12 months understand that consistent names highlight object commonalities, while distinct names emphasize individual differences. This shows early sensitivity to how language shapes object representation and memory.

Keywords:
infantslanguagelearningmemorynaming

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Development
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Linguistic Influences on Cognition

Background:

  • Human cognition relies on flexibly representing objects as individuals or category members.
  • Language plays a crucial role in shaping these object representations.
  • Understanding how naming influences early object perception is key to cognitive development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether 12-month-old infants link naming conventions to object representation.
  • To determine if consistent or distinct naming affects infants' memory for object details.
  • To explore the early development of conceptual flexibility influenced by language.

Main Methods:

  • A recognition memory task was administered to 77 infants aged 12 months.
  • Infants were trained with objects presented with either consistent novel names, distinct novel names, or consistent tones.
  • Object recognition memory was tested by presenting familiar objects alongside novel ones from the same category.

Main Results:

  • Infants in the 'Consistent Name' condition showed impaired memory, focusing on object similarities.
  • Infants in the 'Distinct Names' condition demonstrated better recognition, encoding object distinctions.
  • A control group (Consistent Tone) showed minimal recognition, highlighting the effect of naming.

Conclusions:

  • Twelve-month-old infants are sensitive to the relationship between naming and object representation.
  • Consistent naming promotes categorization, while distinct naming enhances individual object encoding.
  • Early language experiences significantly guide infants' perception, representation, and memory of objects.