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Knee Joint

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris...

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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Individualized Stem-positioning in Calcar-guided Short-stem Total Hip Arthroplasty

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Kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty.

Sohail Nisar^1,2,3, Jeya Palan³, Charles Rivière^4,5,6

¹Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, UK.

EFORT Open Reviews

|August 21, 2020

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Kinematic alignment (KA) for total knee replacement (TKR) aims to restore native knee function. Current evidence suggests KA outcomes are comparable to mechanical alignment, with no increased complications.

Keywords:

arthroplasty kinematic alignment knee

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Area of Science:

Orthopedic surgery
Biomechanical engineering
Medical imaging

Background:

Kinematic alignment (KA) is an alternative total knee replacement (TKR) alignment philosophy.
KA aims to replicate the native knee's three kinematic axes.
Confusion exists regarding KA definitions due to studies describing non-KA techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

Clarify the definition and application of kinematic alignment in TKR.
Evaluate the accuracy of imaging modalities for measuring TKR alignment.
Assess the clinical outcomes and complication rates associated with KA compared to other alignment methods.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on kinematic alignment in TKR.
Emphasis on the necessity of three-dimensional imaging for accurate alignment measurement.
Analysis of studies comparing KA with mechanical alignment regarding clinical outcomes and implant survival.

Main Results:

Many studies claiming to use KA actually employed different techniques, causing confusion.
Two-dimensional imaging is often inaccurately used to measure alignment, limiting study value.
No evidence indicates KA is associated with higher complication rates or worse implant survival.
Clinical outcomes for KA appear to be as good as those for mechanical alignment.

Conclusions:

High-quality, multi-center randomized controlled trials are required to definitively establish KA's functional benefits and implant survival.
Accurate 3D imaging is crucial for evaluating TKR alignment techniques.
Current data suggests KA is a safe and effective alternative to mechanical alignment.