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Updated: Dec 11, 2025
An Optimized Hemagglutination Inhibition HI Assay to Quantify Influenza-specific Antibody Titers
Published on: December 1, 2017
Effects of Prior Influenza Exposure on Immunogenicity of Influenza Vaccine
Jia-Qian Cao1, Peng-Fei Jin2, Jing-Xin Li2
1School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
Background:
In this study, we investigated the effects of prior influenza exposure on vaccine-elicited humor immune responses to circulating influenza variants.
Method:
We randomly selected 360 participants in previous clinical trials stratified by age. Blood samples were collected and tested by hemagglutination-inhibition tests during the 2015-2016 influenza seasons in China. The antigenic map was plotted and antigenic distance was calculated.
Results:
Subjects with H1-priming had higher cross-reactive antibodies titers against A/JiangsuTinghu/11019/2015(H3N2) compared with subjects with B-priming did (P adjusted = .038). Subjects with H1-priming also had higher cross-reactive antibodies titers against A/Jiangsu Qinhuai/11059/2015(H3N2) than subjects with both H1 and B priming (P adjusted = .036). Nevertheless, subjects with no H1 and B-priming had higher cross-reactive antibodies titers against A/Jiangsu Qinhuai/11059/2015(H3N2) than subjects with both H1 and B priming (P adjusted = .012). Antigenic distance was well matched with serological results. Moeover, age-specific differences in human postvaccination responses against the identical circulating strain was noted. In addition, children had the most cross-reactive response to both H3N2 and B-yamagata subtypes.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that prior exposure to H1 or B influenza virus may influence cross-reactivity of H3-specific postvaccination responses and consequently could influence the vaccine effectiveness. Our findings also support that there are age-specific differences in human postvaccination responses.
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