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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

15.5K
An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
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Inflammation01:38

Inflammation

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Overview
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Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular01:30

Inflammatory Response I: Vascular and Cellular

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The inflammatory response is the body's defense against infection, injury, or irritation from bacteria, trauma, toxins, or heat. Inflammation helps locate and destroy pathogens and remove damaged tissue elements to heal the body. During this initial phase, fluid, blood products, and nutrients migrate to the injured area, resulting in redness, heat, swelling, ache, and loss of function. Moreover, signs of systemic inflammation include fever, increased WBC count, malaise, anorexia, nausea,...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair01:24

Inflammatory Response II: Inflammatory Exudate and Tissue Repair

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The immune system's inflammatory response destroys the invading pathogen, permitting the tissue to heal. The changes during the cellular and vascular stages allow exudate formation at the site of inflammation. The inflammatory exudate released from the wound has high protein content and a specific gravity above 1.020.
The typical wound exudate is odorless, transparent, straw-colored, thin, and watery. Exudate, however, can differ depending on the state of wound healing. Likewise, the...
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The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

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Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
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Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

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The intrinsic and extrinsic elements regulating inflammation.

M Mollaei1, A Abbasi1, Z M Hassan1

  • 1Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran.

Life Sciences
|August 21, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Inflammation is a complex biological response with both protective and harmful effects. Understanding how to regulate inflammation is key to restoring balance and treating diseases.

Keywords:
InflammationMicrobiomeNF-KBNLRP3 inflammasomeNutritionObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Biological response
  • Tissue homeostasis

Background:

  • Inflammation is a critical tissue response to stimuli.
  • While pathological inflammation is understood, physiological roles require further study.
  • Recent research explores inflammation's regulation by microbiota, immunometabolism, cancer, and signaling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the physiological functions and regulatory mechanisms of inflammation.
  • To understand how inflammation is turned off to restore homeostasis.
  • To highlight the dual protective and deleterious nature of inflammation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent scientific literature.
  • Analysis of studies on inflammation regulation.
  • Synthesis of findings on physiological inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Inflammation has both beneficial and detrimental roles.
  • Commensal microbiota, immunometabolism, cancer, and intracellular signaling influence inflammation.
  • Mechanisms for resolving inflammation are crucial for homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Inflammation is a double-edged sword requiring careful regulation.
  • Further understanding of inflammation's dual roles and control is vital for disease therapy.