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Dry eye disease in children and adolescents in India

Pragnya Rao Donthineni1, Anthony Vipin Das2, Sayan Basu3

  • 1The Cornea Institute, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, Telangana, India.

The Ocular Surface
|August 21, 2020
PubMed

Insights

Dry eye disease (DED) in Indian children and adolescents is primarily caused by Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) in teens and aqueous deficiency (ADDE) from Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) or Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) in younger children. ADDE, especially from SJS, leads to more severe vision loss.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric eye care
  • Dry eye disease research

Background:

  • Dry eye disease (DED) affects children and adolescents, with varying etiological factors and clinical presentations.
  • Understanding these causes is crucial for effective diagnosis and management in pediatric populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the etiological causes and clinical profile of DED in Indian children and adolescents.
  • To analyze age-specific variations in DED causes and associated visual morbidity.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 1023 new DED patients (≤21 years) from 2010-2018.
  • Utilized an electronic medical record system for data collection and statistical analysis.
  • Included patients with both symptoms and signs of dry eyes.

Main Results:

  • Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) was the leading cause (49%) in adolescents, while Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) caused aqueous deficiency dry eye (ADDE) in younger children (92% in infants, 96% in toddlers).
  • MGD-related evaporative dry eye (EDE) dominated in early (51%) and late adolescence (66%).
  • Severe visual impairment and blindness were significantly higher in ADDE cases (p<0.0001), with 81% linked to SJS.

Conclusions:

  • Etiologies and visual morbidity of DED differ significantly across pediatric age groups.
  • ADDE, particularly due to SJS, is strongly associated with severe visual impairment and blindness in this population.
Abstract

Keywords:
Dry eye diseaseDry eye in adolescentsDry eye syndromeDry eyes in children

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