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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

In Vitro Differentiation of Human CD4+FOXP3+ Induced Regulatory T Cells (iTregs) from Naïve CD4+ T Cells Using a TGF-β-containing Protocol
Published on: December 30, 2016
Transcriptional and translational control of Foxp3+ regulatory T cell functional adaptation to inflammation
1Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, H3A 2B4, Canada; Program in Infectious Diseases and Immunology in Global Health, The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec, H4A 3J1, Canada; Centre of Excellence in Translational Immunology (CETI), Montréal, Québec, H4A 3J1, Canada.
Abstract:
Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells are the major gatekeepers of the immune system for the maintenance of self-tolerance and immune homeostasis. Treg cell development rests on the key activities of the master-switch transcription factor, Foxp3, which establishes the essential core program that defines Treg cell lineage identity in the thymus and peripheral tissues. Moreover, Foxp3+ Treg cells integrate a variety of inflammatory signals from the tissue microenvironment to engage specialized pathways in order to adapt their suppressive functions in situ. CD4+ Treg cell subsets possess mechanisms to control both gene transcription and mRNA translation. Ultimately, the resulting proteome orchestrates distinct cellular processes that poise Treg cell subsets to respond to inflammatory signals in a timely and context-dependent manner in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues for a coordinated modulation of immunity. Thus, understanding how Treg cells control their cellular adaptation in lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues may reveal therapeutic targets for the treatment of autoimmunity and chronic inflammatory diseases.
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