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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Animal Mitochondrial Genetics02:59

Animal Mitochondrial Genetics

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Among all the organelles in an animal cell, only mitochondria have their own independent genomes. Animal mitochondrial DNA is a double-stranded, closed-circular molecule with around 20,000 base pairs. Mitochondrial DNA is unique in that one of its two strands, the heavy, or H, -strand is guanine rich, whereas the complementary strand is cytosine rich and called the light, or L, -strand. Compared to nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA has a very low percentage of non-coding regions and is marked by...
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CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Generation of Defined Genomic Modifications Using CRISPR-CAS9 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Editing the Mitochondrial Genome: No CRISPR Required.

Joey Riepsaame1

  • 1Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|August 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Scientists developed a new gene editing tool for precise mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) modification. This breakthrough enables the creation of disease models for rare mitochondrial disorders without using CRISPR technology.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) harbors genes crucial for cellular energy production.
  • Studying mtDNA is vital for understanding and treating mitochondrial diseases.
  • Precise mtDNA gene editing has been a significant challenge in molecular biology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel gene editing tool for precise mtDNA manipulation.
  • To overcome previous limitations in editing the mitochondrial genome.
  • To facilitate the creation of accurate models for mitochondrial disease research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a CRISPR-independent gene editing system.
  • Targeted delivery of the editing tool to mitochondria.
  • Installation of specific point mutations within the mtDNA sequence.

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Genome Editing in Mammalian Cell Lines using CRISPR-Cas
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Main Results:

  • Demonstrated successful and precise point mutations in mtDNA.
  • The new tool operates independently of CRISPR-Cas9 systems.
  • Established a viable method for engineering mtDNA with desired mutations.

Conclusions:

  • This novel gene editing technology offers a powerful new approach for mtDNA research.
  • It provides a pathway for generating improved cellular and animal models of mitochondrial diseases.
  • Opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial dysfunction.