[Advances on the role of primary cilia in neurological diseases]

Primary cilium, widely distributed in mammalian central nervous system, is an important extracellular organelle of cells. The primary cilia contain a variety of ion channels, G-protein coupled receptors and different kinds of kinases, which indicates that primary cilia can detect extracellular signals and transduce them into cells to regulate various cellular and physiological processes. In humans, mutations of genes related to structure and function of primary cilia always cause various monogenetic diseases. Moreover, a series of neuropsychiatric diseases and neurodevelopmental dysplasia are caused by abnormal functions of G-protein coupled receptors, kinases and ion channels in primary cilia. This article reviews recent research progress on the role of primary cilia in related neurological diseases.