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Microfluidic device for coupling isotachophoretic sample focusing with nanopore single-molecule sensing.

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Summary

This study enhances nanopore sensing for low analyte concentrations using isotachophoresis (ITP) to focus molecules. The integrated device significantly boosts the event rate, improving assay efficiency for biomolecule detection.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomolecular sensing
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical chemistry

Background:

  • Solid-state nanopores (NPs) offer label-free single-molecule sensing.
  • Low analyte concentrations limit NP sensor event rates and increase assay times.
  • Efficient analyte delivery to the sensing volume is crucial for low-concentration detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To enhance the event rate of solid-state nanopore sensors at low analyte concentrations.
  • To develop an integrated device combining isotachophoresis (ITP) focusing with NP sensing.
  • To overcome challenges in delivering analytes to the nanopore without damaging the membrane.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized isotachophoresis (ITP) to focus and deliver analytes to a solid-state nanopore sensor.
  • Designed a device for on-chip ITP focusing compatible with NP sensing.
  • Addressed electrical decoupling to protect the nanopore membrane during ITP focusing.

Main Results:

  • Achieved significant concentration enhancement of analytes via ITP.
  • Demonstrated an integrated ITP-nanopore device.
  • Observed a >300-fold increase in event rate compared to nanopore-only sensing.

Conclusions:

  • ITP focusing effectively enhances analyte delivery to solid-state nanopore sensors.
  • The integrated ITP-NP device overcomes limitations of low analyte concentrations.
  • This method significantly improves assay efficiency and reduces detection times for biomolecules.