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Stable and efficient transformation of apple.

Masato Wada1, Chikako Nishitani2, Sadao Komori3

  • 1Division of Apple Research, Institute of Fruit Tree and Tea Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 92-24 Shimokuriyagawa, Morioka, Iwate 020-0123, Japan.

Plant Biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan)
|August 22, 2020
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Summary

Developing genetically modified apple trees requires efficient transformation protocols. The Japan Morioka 2 (JM2) apple rootstock offers high transformation efficiency, facilitating genetic research and crop improvement in temperate fruit crops.

Keywords:
JM2 (rootstock)applegenome editingtissue culturetransformation

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Area of Science:

  • Horticultural Science
  • Plant Biotechnology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Gene function analysis in apple (Malus) is crucial for agricultural advancement in the post-genomic era.
  • Efficient tissue culture and transformation protocols are essential for horticultural crop research.
  • Transformation efficiency in Rosaceae family is typically low, necessitating development of improved methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail a high-efficiency transformation protocol for the Japan Morioka 2 (JM2) apple rootstock.
  • To establish JM2 as a valuable material for genetic research in apple and related species.
  • To demonstrate the successful application of the protocol for gene function analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of leaflets from cultured JM2 apple rootstock shoots.
  • Introduced transducing genes into JM2 using established transformation techniques.
  • Cultured transformed tissues and analyzed gene expression and phenotypic changes.

Main Results:

  • Achieved high transformation efficiency in the JM2 apple rootstock, surpassing other JM series rootstocks.
  • Confirmed successful function of various introduced genes and promoters in JM2 transformants.
  • Observed specific staining, fluorescent signals, modified floral organ shapes, and altered blooming characteristics in resultant transformants.

Conclusions:

  • The developed JM2 transformation protocol is efficient and reliable for genetic studies in apple.
  • JM2 serves as a highly useful rootstock for enhancing genetic research and crop improvement in apple and related species.
  • This protocol facilitates the study of gene function and the development of agriculturally desirable traits in apple cultivars.