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Screening for Keratoconus in a High-Risk Adolescent Population.

Brian K Armstrong1,2, Scott D Smith1,2, Ivana Romac Coc1,2

  • 1Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE.

Ophthalmic Epidemiology
|August 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Keratoconus (KC) is common in Emirati adolescents, with a prevalence of 2.7%. Screening using dual Scheimpflug and Placido imaging is feasible for early detection in this population.

Keywords:
CorneaMiddle Eastdegenerationepidemiologykeratoconus

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • Keratoconus (KC) is a progressive corneal ectasia.
  • Early detection and intervention are crucial for managing KC.
  • Adolescent populations, particularly in specific ethnicities, may have varying KC prevalence rates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the prevalence of keratoconus (KC) in a predominantly Emirati adolescent population.
  • To assess the feasibility of using a dual Scheimpflug and Placido imaging device for KC screening.
  • To establish baseline data for potential public health interventions in the UAE.

Main Methods:

  • Corneal tomography was performed on adolescent subjects (10-19 years) in Abu Dhabi using the Galilei device.
  • KC and KC suspect classifications were based on objective indices and subjective analysis by cornea specialists.
  • Inter-observer agreement was evaluated using the kappa statistic.

Main Results:

  • Out of 588 analyzed eyes from 339 subjects, the prevalence of KC was 2.7% (95% CI [1.2%, 5.0%]).
  • The prevalence of KC suspects was 19.8% (95% CI [15.7%, 24.4%]).
  • A high inter-observer agreement (kappa = 0.84) was observed among specialists classifying KC status.

Conclusions:

  • Keratoconus is highly prevalent in the Emirati adolescent population studied.
  • Screening secondary school students for KC using dual Scheimpflug and Placido imaging is a feasible approach.
  • This screening strategy may aid in the early detection and timely intervention for KC in this demographic.