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Related Concept Videos

Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

9.7K
Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
Ribosome Structure and Assembly
Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins. In eukaryotes, rRNA is transcribed from genes in the nucleolus—a part of the nucleus that specializes in ribosome...
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Ribosomes01:27

Ribosomes

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Ribosomes translate genetic information encoded by messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins. Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have ribosomes. Cells that synthesize large quantities of protein—such as secretory cells in the human pancreas—can contain millions of ribosomes.
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Ribosome Profiling02:24

Ribosome Profiling

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Ribosome profiling or ribo-sequencing is a deep sequencing technique that produces a snapshot of active translation in a cell. It selectively sequences the mRNAs protected by ribosomes to get an insight into a cell’s translation landscape at any given point in time.
Applications of ribosome profiling
Ribosome profiling has many applications, including in vivo monitoring of translation inside a particular organ or tissue type and quantifying new protein synthesis levels.
The technique...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
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Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

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Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

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Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis
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Single Molecule Fluorescence Energy Transfer Study of Ribosome Protein Synthesis

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Two Ribosomes Are Better Than One... Sometimes.

Alexandra N Olson1, Jonathan D Dinman2

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.

Molecular Cell
|August 22, 2020
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ribosome collisions are crucial for maintaining cellular balance during eukaryotic translation. This study adds rigorous findings to understanding these vital cellular processes.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Cellular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Ribosome collisions, where ribosomes physically impede each other during mRNA translation, are increasingly recognized as significant cellular events.
  • These collisions can impact protein synthesis fidelity and cellular homeostasis, but their precise roles are still under active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional consequences of ribosome collisions in eukaryotic translation.
  • To elucidate the contribution of ribosome collisions to maintaining cellular homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing advanced molecular biology techniques to induce and monitor ribosome collisions in yeast models.
  • Employing genetic and biochemical assays to assess the impact of collisions on translation efficiency and cellular health.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that specific ribosome collision events trigger distinct cellular responses.
  • Showcased a direct link between ribosome collision frequency and the regulation of gene expression.
  • Identified key pathways modulated by ribosome collisions to maintain cellular homeostasis.

Conclusions:

  • Ribosome collisions are not merely passive events but actively participate in regulating eukaryotic translation.
  • These collisions play a critical role in cellular homeostasis, influencing cellular responses to stress and metabolic changes.