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Related Concept Videos

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All blood and immune cells are produced from the multipotent hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) by the process of hematopoiesis. However, they all have a limited life span. In addition, many are depleted in immune surveillance or combatting an injury or infection. This makes blood one of the most regenerative tissues. Hematopoiesis helps replenish these blood and immune cells, restoring the body's normal functioning. However, overproduction of blood and immune cells can make them cancerous or...
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Bone marrow transplant is a potential cure for several diseases, including cancer and specific genetic disorders. Notably, this procedure is applicable for patients suffering from aplastic anemia, certain types of leukemia, severe combined immunodeficiency disease (SCID), Hodgkin's disease, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, multiple myeloma, thalassemia, sickle-cell disease, and certain cancers.
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Red blood cells  (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System
06:07

Cigarette Smoke Exposure in Mice using a Whole-Body Inhalation System

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E-Cigarette Exposure Decreases Bone Marrow Hematopoietic Progenitor Cells.

Gajalakshmi Ramanathan1, Brianna Craver-Hoover2, Rebecca J Arechavala3

  • 1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Cancers
|August 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Electronic cigarette (E-cig) use for two months suppressed bone marrow stem cells in mice. This exposure also led to myeloid cell changes, potentially impacting immune responses and increasing risks for blood cancers.

Keywords:
electronic cigarettehematopoietic stem celllipopolysaccharidemyeloid progenitorsmyeloproliferative neoplasm

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Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System
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Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Toxicology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Electronic cigarettes (E-cigs) are increasingly popular among young adults, but their long-term health effects remain largely unknown.
  • Nicotine-containing aerosols from E-cigs raise concerns about potential impacts on vital organs and cellular functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term effects of E-cigarette exposure on hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs).
  • To assess the impact of E-cigarette exposure on immune response and the potential for promoting myeloid malignancies.

Main Methods:

  • Mice were exposed to E-cigarette aerosol for two months.
  • Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell populations were analyzed.
  • Bone marrow transplants were performed to assess reconstitution.
  • Mice were challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to evaluate inflammatory responses.
  • The impact on cells with JAK2 and TET2 mutations was examined.

Main Results:

  • Two months of E-cigarette exposure suppressed common myeloid progenitors and granulocyte-macrophage progenitors.
  • Bone marrow competitive reconstitution was not affected by E-cigarette exposure.
  • Mice exposed to E-cigarettes and LPS showed elevated peripheral blood monocytes post-transplant, indicating a myeloid bias.
  • One month of E-cigarette exposure slightly increased JAK2 mutant cells but did not impact TET2-/- cells.

Conclusions:

  • Chronic E-cigarette exposure alters bone marrow HSPC populations.
  • E-cigarette exposure can induce myeloid bias in response to inflammation, similar to aged hematopoietic stem cells.
  • Further research is needed to understand the full implications of E-cigarette use on hematopoietic health and cancer risk.