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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

Temporal Analysis of the Nuclear-to-cytoplasmic Translocation of a Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Protein by Immunofluorescent Confocal Microscopy
Published on: November 4, 2018
HSV-1 Cytoplasmic Envelopment and Egress
Imran Ahmad1, Duncan W Wilson1,2
1Department of Developmental and Molecular Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) uses complex molecular machinery to travel within infected cells and utilize cellular organelles for envelope construction during its replication and spread. This review details the viral and cellular components involved in HSV-1 egress and envelopment.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is a complex enveloped dsDNA virus that infects human neurons and epithelia.
- Viral replication, assembly, and genome packaging occur within the host cell nucleus.
- Mature nucleocapsids egress the nucleus and utilize cytoplasmic organelles for envelopment.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the molecular mechanisms of HSV-1 egress and envelopment.
- To elucidate the viral and cellular machinery involved in HSV-1 intracellular transport.
- To understand how HSV-1 manipulates cellular organelles for envelope formation.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes current research on HSV-1 molecular biology and cell interactions.
- It focuses on the viral and cellular factors governing capsid transport and organelle manipulation.
- Literature review of studies on HSV-1 egress, envelopment, and spread.
Main Results:
- HSV-1 nucleocapsids exit the nucleus and travel through the cytoplasm via microtubules.
- Cytoplasmic organelles are hijacked by HSV-1 to form the viral envelope.
- The virus employs specific molecular machinery for intracellular trafficking and organelle interaction.
Conclusions:
- Understanding HSV-1's intracellular journey and organelle manipulation is crucial for comprehending viral pathogenesis.
- The complex interplay between viral and cellular components dictates efficient HSV-1 replication and spread.
- Further research into this machinery may reveal novel therapeutic targets for HSV-1 infections.
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