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Updated: Dec 11, 2025

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Silane-based modified papers and their extractive phase roles in a microfluidic platform.

Mahin Hashemi Hedeshi1, Omid Rezvani1, Habib Bagheri1

  • 1Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran, Iran.

Analytica Chimica Acta
|August 23, 2020
PubMed
Summary

Modified paper-based materials in microfluidic devices offer efficient solid-phase extraction for various analytes. This method enhances extraction performance for detecting antidepressant drugs and toxins with high accuracy in complex samples.

Keywords:
Antidepressant drugsFunctionalityGas chromatography–mass spectrometryMicrofluidic deviceSilane–based modified papers

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Environmental Science

Background:

  • Development of novel extractive phases for enhanced analyte recovery.
  • Need for efficient and stable solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods.
  • Application of microfluidic systems for improved analytical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To prepare and evaluate modified paper-based substrates as extractive phases in microfluidic devices.
  • To investigate the extraction performance for analytes of varying polarities, including antidepressant drugs, organophosphates, and triazine toxins.
  • To optimize the extraction parameters and assess the method's applicability for real-world sample analysis.

Main Methods:

  • Modification of paper substrates using different silane reagents (HDTMS, PTES, APTES, EPPTMOS).
  • Fabrication of microfluidic devices incorporating the modified paper-based extractive phases.
  • Solid-phase extraction (SPE) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for analyte detection and quantification.
  • Data analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Clustering Analysis (HCA) to understand analyte-sorbent interactions.

Main Results:

  • Phenyltrimethoxysilane (PTES) modified paper demonstrated optimal performance for quantitative analysis.
  • Achieved linear ranges for antidepressant drugs (amitriptyline, trimipramine, clomipramine) from 0.02-200 μg L⁻¹.
  • Obtained low limits of detection (0.005-0.01 μg L⁻¹) for antidepressant drugs using the microfluidic-GC-MS system.
  • Demonstrated high relative recoveries (95-103%) for tested drugs in urine samples, indicating method reliability.

Conclusions:

  • Modified paper-based materials integrated into microfluidic devices provide an effective platform for SPE.
  • The developed method offers high sensitivity and accuracy for the determination of target analytes in complex matrices like urine.
  • This approach represents a promising advancement in microfluidic-based analytical sample preparation.